[HTML][HTML] Myocardial fibrosis detected by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in absence of myocardial oedema in a patient recovered from COVID-19

P Jagia, V Ojha, N Naik, S Sharma - BMJ case reports, 2020 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
P Jagia, V Ojha, N Naik, S Sharma
BMJ case reports, 2020ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
A 45-year-old woman presented with atypical chest pain and palpitations. She had earlier
tested positive for COVID-19 pneumonia 3 months back (figure 1A, B). Echocardiography
showed normal ventricular functions. ECG was normal. In view of the recent SARS-Cov-2
infection, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)(1.5 T) was performed to detect any subclinical
myocardial injury. It revealed normal ventricular sizes and functions without any regional
wall motion abnormality (video 1). Mild pericardial effusion was also noted. Fat-suppressed …
A 45-year-old woman presented with atypical chest pain and palpitations. She had earlier tested positive for COVID-19 pneumonia 3 months back (figure 1A, B). Echocardiography showed normal ventricular functions. ECG was normal. In view of the recent SARS-Cov-2 infection, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)(1.5 T) was performed to detect any subclinical myocardial injury. It revealed normal ventricular sizes and functions without any regional wall motion abnormality (video 1). Mild pericardial effusion was also noted. Fat-suppressed T2-weighted images showed normal T2 signal intensity ratios in the entire myocardium (figure 1C, D). T1 mapping images revealed focally elevated T1 mapping values in the basal anteroseptal segment of the left ventricular and normal values in rest of the myocardium. T2 mapping values were normal. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) images revealed a linear subepicardial LGE in basal anteroseptal segment, suggestive of replacement fibrosis (figure 2). The T1 mapping values in remote myocardium were normal, ruling out diffuse interstitial fibrosis. There was no pericardial LGE. Since the patient did not have any history of myocarditis/cardiac disease, the current findings were attributed to COVID-19 related persistent myocardial damage. Troponin and NT-pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels were normal at the time of CMR. Myocardial fibrosis without oedema has been described in COVID-19 survivors, but less commonly compared with active myocarditis. 1 In the study by Huang et al (n= 26) in patients recovered from COVID-19, only 1 patient out of 15 patients with positive CMR findings showed LGE without myocardial oedema. Of note, all the patients had normal troponin levels at the time of CMR. 1 In a larger cohort (n= 100) of unselected patients recovered from COVID-9, raised mid-ventricular native T1 (diffuse inflammation/fibrosis) was seen in 73 patients, raised T2 (oedema/active inflammation) in 60 and LGE (replacement fibrosis) in 32 patients. Only 5% of the patients had elevated troponin levels during CMR. 2 Notably, in
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